Not an exact stylistic match but the novel Homegoing by Yaa Gyasi is told in chapters by completely different protagonists. It's a generational story that follows the life of a new person down the lineage over like 200 years. And it's a very successful novel. There are no hard and fast rules, really. What matters is that what you're trying to do makes sense in the context of the story you're telling. The style you choose can illuminate something unique in the story and elevate the novel overall. I've seen similar styles to what you describe but can't remember the exact novels now.